What is Linux

 Linux ftp Command

 UNAME(1)                         User Commands                        UNAME(1)

 DF(1)                                            User Commands                                            DF(1)

 Here's the most basic example of Linux df command, with output shown here from a CentOS Linux computer:

[root@hc]# df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda6              1035660    193892    789160  20% /
/dev/sda1               101086     16617     79250  18% /boot
none                   1037984         0   1037984   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda8            185248244 170250636   5587536  97% /home
/dev/sda7               497829     10675    461452   3% /tmp
/dev/sda2             10317860   3032224   6761516  31% /usr
/dev/sda3             10317860   1479624   8314116  16% /var

[root@]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda6            1012M  190M  771M  20% /
/dev/sda1              99M   17M   78M  18% /boot
none                 1014M     0 1014M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda8             177G  163G  5.4G  97% /home
/dev/sda7             487M   11M  451M   3% /tmp
/dev/sda2             9.9G  2.9G  6.5G  31% /usr
/dev/sda3             9.9G  1.5G  8.0G  16% /var

The -h option stands for "human readable", so as you can see, my current Linux system has one filesystem, and it is mounted as / (the root filesystem), and it is a 10GB filesystem, with 5.5GB used, 4.6GB available, and it is 55% used (which is pretty easy to see with round numbers like this example).

 Step 1. Copy the following commands into Notepad

Echo ipconfig/flushdns
ipconfig/flushdns
echo ipconfig/release
ipconfig/release
echo ipconfig/renew
ipconfig/renew
exit

Step 2. Save the file to changeip.bat
Step 3. Run the file (double click on it)

If you try to run this on Vista you have to to right-click the shortcut for the file and choose ‘Run as Administrator’.

Important! This works only if you are using a dynamic allocated IP address.

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ipconfig ?

Error: unrecongnized or incomplete command line.

USAGE:

    ipconfig [/? | /all | /renew [adapter] | /release [adapter] |

              /flushdns | /displaydns | /registerdns |

              /showclassid adapter |

              /setclassid adapter [classid] ]

where

    adapter         Connection name

                   (wildcard characters * and ? allowed, see examples)

    Options:

       /?           Display this help message

       /all         Display full configuration information.

       /release     Release the IP address for the specified adapter.

       /renew       Renew the IP address for the specified adapter.

       /flushdns    Purges the DNS Resolver cache.

       /registerdns Refreshes all DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names

       /displaydns  Display the contents of the DNS Resolver Cache.

       /showclassid Displays all the dhcp class IDs allowed for adapter.

       /setclassid  Modifies the dhcp class id.

The default is to display only the IP address, subnet mask and

default gateway for each adapter bound to TCP/IP.

For Release and Renew, if no adapter name is specified, then the IP address

leases for all adapters bound to TCP/IP will be released or renewed.

For Setclassid, if no ClassId is specified, then the ClassId is removed.

Examples:

    > ipconfig                   ... Show information.

    > ipconfig /all              ... Show detailed information

    > ipconfig /renew            ... renew all adapters

    > ipconfig /renew EL*        ... renew any connection that has its

                                     name starting with EL

    > ipconfig /release *Con*    ... release all matching connections,

                                     eg. "Local Area Connection 1" or

                                         "Local Area Connection 2"

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>

 NAME

 Here's a crontab example that shows how to run a command from the cron daemon once every day

0 1 * * * /var/www/backup.sh

crontab: invalid option -- -

crontab: usage error: unrecognized option

usage:  crontab [-u user] file

        crontab [-u user] [ -e | -l | -r ]

                (default operation is replace, per 1003.2)

        -e      (edit user's crontab)

        -l      (list user's crontab)

        -r      (delete user's crontab)

        -i      (prompt before deleting user's crontab)

 About find

Finds one or more files assuming that you know their approximate filenames.

This command searches through the root filesystem ("/") for the file named "Chapter1". If it finds the file, it prints the location to the screen.

find / -name Chapter1 -type f -print

On Linux systems and modern Unix system you no longer need the -print option at the end of that command:

find / -name Chapter1 -type f

This command searches through the /usr and /home directories for the file named Chapter1:

find /usr /home -name Chapter1 -type f

To search in the current directory, and all subdirectories, just use the . character to reference the current directory, like this:

find . -name Chapter1 -type f

This next command searches through the /usr directory for all files that begin with the letters Chapter, followed by anything else. The filename can end with any other combination of characters. It will match filenames such as Chapter, Chapter1, Chapter1.bad, Chapter-in-life, etc.:

find /usr -name "Chapter*" -type f

This next command searches through the /usr/local directory for files that end with the extension.html. These file locations are then printed to the screen.

find /usr/local -name "*.html" -type f -print

Finding directories

Every option you just saw for working with files can also be used on directories. Just replace the -foption with a -d option. For instance, to find all directories named build under the current directory, use this command:

find . -type d -name build

Finding files that contain text

You can combine the find and grep commands to powerfully search for text strings in many files.

This next command shows how to find all files beneath the current directory that end with the extension.java, and contain the characters StringBuffer. The -l argument to the grep command tells it to just print the name of the file where a match is found, instead of printing all the matches themselves:

find . -type f -name "*.java" -exec grep -l StringBuffer {} \;

(Those last few characters are required any time you want to exec a command on the files that are found. I find it helpful to think of them as a placeholder for each file that is found.)

http://www.devdaily.com/unix/edu/examples/find.shtml

 For the processor info:
root # cat /proc/cpuinfo

[root@HCMRTG_BY_YaoBin html]# cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor       : 0

vendor_id       : GenuineIntel

cpu family      : 15

model           : 4

model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.00GHz

stepping        : 10

cpu MHz         : 3000.370

cache size      : 2048 KB

physical id     : 0

siblings        : 2

core id         : 0

cpu cores       : 1

fdiv_bug        : no

hlt_bug         : no

f00f_bug        : no

coma_bug        : no

fpu             : yes

fpu_exception   : yes

cpuid level     : 5

wp              : yes

flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl cid cx16 xtpr lahf_lm

bogomips        : 6003.78

processor       : 1

vendor_id       : GenuineIntel

cpu family      : 15

model           : 4

model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.00GHz

stepping        : 10

cpu MHz         : 3000.370

cache size      : 2048 KB

physical id     : 0

siblings        : 2

core id         : 0

cpu cores       : 1

fdiv_bug        : no

hlt_bug         : no

f00f_bug        : no

coma_bug        : no

fpu             : yes

fpu_exception   : yes

cpuid level     : 5

wp              : yes

flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl cid cx16 xtpr lahf_lm

bogomips        : 5999.40

processor       : 2

vendor_id       : GenuineIntel

cpu family      : 15

model           : 4

model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.00GHz

stepping        : 10

cpu MHz         : 3000.370

cache size      : 2048 KB

physical id     : 3

siblings        : 2

core id         : 0

cpu cores       : 1

fdiv_bug        : no

hlt_bug         : no

f00f_bug        : no

coma_bug        : no

fpu             : yes

fpu_exception   : yes

cpuid level     : 5

wp              : yes

flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl cid cx16 xtpr lahf_lm

bogomips        : 5999.43

processor       : 3

vendor_id       : GenuineIntel

cpu family      : 15

model           : 4

model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.00GHz

stepping        : 10

cpu MHz         : 3000.370

cache size      : 2048 KB

physical id     : 3

siblings        : 2

core id         : 0

cpu cores       : 1

fdiv_bug        : no

hlt_bug         : no

f00f_bug        : no

coma_bug        : no

fpu             : yes

fpu_exception   : yes

cpuid level     : 5

wp              : yes

flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe lm constant_tsc pni monitor ds_cpl cid cx16 xtpr lahf_lm

bogomips        : 5999.47

Examples

mv myfile.txt newdirectory/ - moves the file myfile.txt to the directory newdirectory.

mv myfile.txt ../ - moves the file myfile.txt back one directory (if available).

 Usage: mv [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST